Task 1 -
Video
Watch all ten parts of China in Revolution 1911- 1949, a documentary (approximately 2
hours long):
tiny.cc/chinadoco
Task 2:
Reading
Michael Lynch China:
From Empire to People’s Republic 1900-1945 pages 26-56.
This will provide you will essential background
information. No need to take notes.
Task 3:
Reading and notes
Michael Lynch China:
From Empire to People’s Republic 1900-1945 pages 60-77.
Take notes using the following questions:
- How successfully did Chiang Kaishek (Jiang Jieshi) and the GMD
establish their authority in China in this period? p63
- How did the GMD government deal with the issue of the foreign
presence in China p64
- What principles inspired the New Life Movement?
- What difficulties prevented Chiang Kaishek from fully achieving his
political aims
- How successful had Chiang’s Nationalist government been in the
period 1928-1937
- Why were the Jiangxi years such a critical period for Mao and the
CCP
- What was Mao’s assessment of the Revolutionary situation in China?
- What revolutionary role did Mao ascribe to the peasants?
- What internal opposition did Mao contend with at Jiangxi?
- What strategy did Chiang’s Nationalists employ in their campaign to
destroy the Reds at Jiangxi?
- What consequences did the Long March have for Mao and the CCP?
- Why did the Zunyi meeting prove so significant?
- Was the Long March a triumph or a defeat?
In term 3, we will study the following:
Paper 2: Topic 1: Causes, Practices and Effects of
Wars, Chinese Civil War, 1927-1949
Causes
The Old Regime
Sun Yixian (Sun Yat Sen)
The Revolution of 1911
The failure of the revolution
Yuan Shikai and the betrayal of the revolution
The May Fourth Movement and the birth of the Communist
Party (CCP)
The Three Principles of the People
Ideological comparisons between the GMD and the CCP
The Warlord Era
The rise of the GMD under Jiang Jieshi (Chian Kai Shek)
How Jiang changes GMD ideology
The First United Front – GMD and CCP cooperation
The Northern Expedition
The Shanghai Massacre
Practices
The GMD extermination campaigns
The Long March
Different historical perspectives on the Long March
Maoism – new political philosophy – key tenets
The Yenan period
The Japanese invasion (Manchuria 1931, China 1937) – GMD
and CCP responses to the Japanese invasion
The Xian incident
The Second United Front
GMD vs CCP
Contrasting tactics
Contrasting treatment of the Chinese people
Control of the cities
Control of the countryside
How the GMD and CCP emerge in terms of strength and
relative advantage after WW2
Resumption of the civil war 1946-1949
Why the communists won (and why the GMD lost)
Effects
China has stood up
Communist rule in China
Impact of war
Outcomes for Chinese
Paper 2, Topic 3: Origins and nature of
authoritarian and single-party states
The 20th century produced many authoritarian and
single-party states. The origins, ideology, form of government, organization,
nature and impact of these regimes should be studied.
Major themes
Origins and nature of authoritarian and single-party
states
Conditions that produced authoritarian and single-party
states
Emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support
Totalitarianism: the aim and the extent to which it was
achieved
Establishment of authoritarian and single party states
Methods: force, legal
Form of government, (left- and right-wing) ideology
Nature, extent and treatment of opposition
Domestic policies and impact
Structure and organization of government and
administration
Political, economic, social and religious policies
Role of education, the arts, the media, propaganda
Status of women, treatment of religious groups and minorities
Mao’s China
Origins and nature of authoritarian and single-party
states
The pre-conditions that produced a single party state in
China
Mao’s appropriateness as a single-party leader –
applicable characteristics
·
Physical
·
Personal
·
Intellectual
·
Charisma
·
Personal History
·
Motivation
Maoism
·
As an adaptation of Marxism
·
As the framework that shapes then new society
·
Key tenets
Definitions of totalitarianism, authoritarianism,
dictatorship, single-party state – which are applicable to Mao’s China? Why?
Establishment of authoritarian and single party
states
3-antis (San-fan) campaign 1951
5-antis (Wu-fan) campaign
Fanshen – thought reform
Anti-landlord campaigns
Speak bitterness meetings
Treatment of opposition
The Hundred Flowers/Anti-Rightist campaigns, 1957
The Cultural Revolution
For each campaign:
·
What were the initial, political reasons for it?
·
What and whom were the targets of the campaign?
Why were they chosen?
·
What were Mao’s motives for launching it? What
was it designed to achieve?
·
What methods were used to terrify the
population?
·
How did the it serve to reinforce Mao’s hold
over the party?
·
How did it serve to reinforce the CCP’s hold
over China?
·
Why were the Chinese willing to follow Mao’s
lead?
·
How was the cult of Mao established during the
Cultural Revolution?
·
What were the consequences for China?
China, Domestic policies and impact:
The First Five Year Plan, 1952-1956 (Reforms to
agriculture and industry)
·
Objectives
·
Methods
·
Achievements?
The Great Leap Forward 1958-1962
·
Objectives
·
An implementation of ideology?
·
The way the society is organised?
·
Methods used?
·
Achievements?
·
Failures?
·
Outcomes (Economic, Social, Political, Other)
The Great Famine of 1958-1961
The period of recovery 1961-1966
Domestic policies for analysis:
·
Religion
·
Women and Family (and population control)
·
Chinese Culture and the Arts
·
Education
·
Health
For each domestic policy
·
Over what period did it run?
·
Key individuals associated with the policy?
·
What were its aims? What did it seek to address?
·
What strategies were in places to achieve these
objectives?
·
Did it succeed in these aims?
·
Weaknesses/failures associated with the policy?
Paper 2, Topic 3: Origins and nature of
authoritarian and single-party states
Nazi and Weimar Germany
Weimar Germany
Early problems – threats from the Left and the Right
Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
Early economic crises 1919-1923
The period of stability 1924-1929
The impact of the Great Depression 1929-1933
Failed attempts to tackle the Great Depression
The key social, historical, economic, political, military,
cultural factors that contribute to the collapse of Weimar. How? Why?
The rise of the Nazi Party
Origins of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers’
Party) – Nazi Party
The origins of Nazi ideology - the 25 Point Program
Hitler’s involvement and rising influence
The Beer Hall Putsch 1923
Mein Kampf 1924
What made the Nazis popular? What aspects of the 25 Point
program did they emphasise? What did they ignore?
To what extent was their appeal based on an ideological
program or reactive populism?
The Nazi’s gain in electoral and membership strength
1928-1932
Hitler appointed Chancellor, January 1933
Hitler’s appropriateness as a single-party leader –
applicable characteristics
·
Physical
·
Personal
·
Intellectual
·
Charisma
·
Personal History
·
Motivation
Establishment of authoritarian and single party
states
Dilemmas faced by Hitler and the Nazis on assuming power
in 1933
Driven by power or ideology?
How the Nazis operated in power? Hitler as a weak
dictator?
The Enabling Act, March 1933
Coordination – Gleichschaltung 1933
The Night of the Long Knives 1934
A Nazi revolution?
The use of propaganda – Goebbels’ techniques, Triumph of
the Will – what role did propaganda play in shoring up the support base of the
Nazis?
The establishment of a police state – Himmler and the SS
Definitions of totalitarianism, authoritarianism,
dictatorship, single-party state – which are applicable to Hitler’s Germany?
Why?
Treatment of opposition
Dissent vs Active resistance
Did they fail?
Domestic policies and impact:
Education/Youth
(Volksgemeinschaft)
Religion / Health / Racial State
Culture/Arts
Women
Agriculture/ Industry
Economic
For each:
·
What were its aims? What did it seek to address?
·
What strategies were in places to achieve these
objectives?
·
Did it succeed in these aims?
·
Weaknesses/failures associated with the policy?
No comments:
Post a Comment